Download an image from the Ubuntu releases page. Most everything is 64 bit. Note that "AMD" means it works on the AMD and Intel instruction sets. You can use the AMD64 image on a modern Intel CPU.
Burn the image to a DVD or other mountable storage. Boot the machine from the storage. This install will use hard-wired Ethernet and a static IP address. If you have a real (typically non-consumer internet service) domain name, use that as the "search domain".
This is a server install, so maybe you do not want "games" in your search path. Backup the "environment" file then remove the games directory from the search path.
$ sudo mv /etc/environment /etc/environment.orig
$ sudo vi /etc/environment
$ cat /etc/environment
PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
Modify the shell login files in your home directory.
$ cd ~
$ cp -p .bashrc .bashrc.orig
$ mv .profile .profile.orig
$ mv .bashrc .bash_profile
Remove colorization by setting TERM environment variable in .bash_profile.
$ echo $TERM
xterm-256color
$ export TERM=xterm-mono
Edit .bash_profile and put in a bit of color to the command prompt variable PS1.
$ grep 033 ~/.bash_profile
PS1='\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\] \w \$ '
Put the present working directory at the end of the PATH variable. Add this to file .bash_profile.
export PATH=$PATH:.
Remove shell's suggestions for a mis-typed command. Add this to file .bash_profile.
unset command_not_found_handle
Then "source" the login files or simply log out and log in again.
$ ./.bash_profile
Get familiar with the install and the machine.
$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
Release: 20.04
Codename: focal
$ uname -a
Linux d990 5.4.0-26-generic #30-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 20 16:58:30 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
$ lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:16.3 Serial controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family KT Controller (rev 04)
00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82579LM Gigabit Network Connection (Lewisville) (rev 04)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev b4)
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev b4)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev a4)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Q67 Express Chipset LPC Controller (rev 04)
00:1f.2 RAID bus controller: Intel Corporation SATA Controller [RAID mode] (rev 04)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller (rev 04)
$ df -k
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
udev 8093172 0 8093172 0% /dev
tmpfs 1627360 1204 1626156 1% /run
/dev/sda2 1921800384 9591096 1814517336 1% /
tmpfs 8136796 0 8136796 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 8136796 0 8136796 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 27776 27776 0 100% /snap/snapd/7264
/dev/loop1 56320 56320 0 100% /snap/core18/1705
/dev/loop2 70656 70656 0 100% /snap/lxd/14804
tmpfs 1627356 0 1627356 0% /run/user/1000
Familiarize yourself with the network configuration.
$ ls -l /etc/netplan
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 280 May 10 00:03 00-installer-config.yaml
$ cat /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml
# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:
ethernets:
enp0s25:
addresses:
- 192.168.0.9/24
gateway4: 192.168.0.1
nameservers:
addresses:
- 1.1.1.1
- 8.8.8.8
search:
- duckdns.org
version: 2
Look at the syslog.
$ sudo tail /var/log/syslog
Look at the running processes, then look at running services.
$ ps -ef | more
$ systemctl list-units --all --type=service --no-pager
Let's remove a service we don't want automatically started, and one we don't need.
$ sudo systemctl stop rsync
$ sudo systemctl disable rsync
$ systemctl status vgauth
● vgauth.service - Authentication service for virtual machines hosted on VMware
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/vgauth.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Condition: start condition failed at Sun 2020-05-10 00:16:27 UTC; 2h 30min ago
Docs: http://github.com/vmware/open-vm-tools
May 10 00:16:27 d990 systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Authentication service for virtual machines hosted on VMware being skipped.
$ sudo systemctl stop vgauth
$ sudo systemctl disable vgauth
$ systemctl status open-vm-tools
● open-vm-tools.service - Service for virtual machines hosted on VMware
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/open-vm-tools.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Condition: start condition failed at Sun 2020-05-10 02:56:23 UTC; 3min 54s ago
Docs: http://open-vm-tools.sourceforge.net/about.php
May 10 02:56:23 d990 systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Service for virtual machines hosted on VMware being skipped.
$ sudo systemctl stop open-vm-tools
[sudo] password for install:
$ sudo systemctl disable open-vm-tools
Synchronizing state of open-vm-tools.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install disable open-vm-tools
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/open-vm-tools.service.
$ systemctl status open-vm-tools
● open-vm-tools.service - Service for virtual machines hosted on VMware
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/open-vm-tools.service; indirect; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: http://open-vm-tools.sourceforge.net/about.php
May 10 02:56:23 d990 systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Service for virtual machines hosted on VMware being skipped.
This is a server machine, so we don't need this process attaching to a sound card.
$ apt list pulseaudio
Listing... Done
pulseaudio/focal-updates 1:13.99.1-1ubuntu3.5 amd64 [upgradable from: 1:13.99.1-1ubuntu3.3]
N: There are 3 additional versions. Please use the '-a' switch to see them.
$ sudo apt remove pulseaudio
Note the firewall is not active.
$ sudo ufw status
Status: inactive
Install software updates. You may need to reboot the machine to apply all software updates.
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt upgrade
$ sudo systemctl reboot
Familiarize yourself with users and groups.
$ cat /etc/passwd
$ cat /etc/group
Put in users and groups.
$ sudo addgroup minecrft
Adding group `minecrft' (GID 1001) ...
Done.
$ sudo adduser minec --ingroup minecrft
Adding user `minec' ...
Adding new user `minec' (1001) with group `minecrft' ...
On a consumer-type internet connection, you may want to configure a dynamic DNS service such as DuckDNS. Create the user, get your information from duckdns.org, then configure software.
$ sudo addgroup duckdns
$ sudo adduser duckdns --ingroup duckdns
Read this to configure the software and crontab entry for duckdns.
Let's change the time zone to Amsterdam.
$ cat /etc/timezone
Etc/UTC
$ timedatectl
Local time: Sun 2020-05-10 19:12:56 UTC
Universal time: Sun 2020-05-10 19:12:56 UTC
RTC time: Sun 2020-05-10 19:12:56
Time zone: Etc/UTC (UTC, +0000)
System clock synchronized: yes
NTP service: active
RTC in local TZ: no
$ timedatectl list-timezones | grep -i ams
Europe/Amsterdam
$ sudo timedatectl set-timezone Europe/Amsterdam
$ cat /etc/timezone
Europe/Amsterdam
$ timedatectl
Local time: Sun 2020-05-10 21:14:02 CEST
Universal time: Sun 2020-05-10 19:14:02 UTC
RTC time: Sun 2020-05-10 19:14:02
Time zone: Europe/Amsterdam (CEST, +0200)
System clock synchronized: yes
NTP service: active
RTC in local TZ: no
While we could try to disable the cloud initialization with
$ touch /etc/cloud/cloud-init-disabled
Let's remove it.
$ sudo apt remove cloud-init
Optionally, install X server.
$ sudo apt install tightvncserver
$ sudo apt install xterm
Then configure your .Xresources file.
Optionally, install javascript runtime via apt.
$ sudo apt install nodejs
$ which node
/usr/bin/nodejs
$ nodejs --version
v10.19.0
$ sudo apt install chromium-browser
$ which chromium-browser
/usr/bin/chromium-browser
Optionally, upgrade the node software.
$ curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_12.x | sudo -E bash -
$ sudo apt install nodejs
$ which node
/usr/bin/node
$ node -v
v12.16.3
$ npm -v
6.14.4
Anyone editing files with vim (vi is typically vim) may want to learn the basics of the .vimrc startup file.
$ cat ~/.vimrc
syntax off
set showmatch
set hlsearch
set matchpairs+=<:>,(:),{:},[:]
:nmap <F1> <nop>
For a graphical editor, install nedit.
$ sudo apt install nedit
Familiarize yourself with memory and disk space, network interfaces and networking, and how the machine is running. Review the output from the following commands.
Since ifconfig is deprecated, use the ip command. Instead of traceroute, use the mtr command.
$ free -m
$ df -k
$ sudo lshw
$ landscape-sysinfo
$ top
$ htop
$ ip a
$ mtr wunderground.com
__________________________________________________________
Update of this blog post with more readable explanation of network settings to be used during install from the console. These examples use IP address 192.168.0.6.
$ ls -l /etc/netplan
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 260 Oct 16 21:13 00-installer-config.yaml
$ cat /etc/netplan/*
# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:
ethernets:
enp5s0:
addresses:
- 192.168.0.6/24
gateway4: 192.168.0.1
nameservers:
addresses:
- 1.1.1.1
- 8.8.8.8
search: []
version: 2
$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp5s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether bc:30:5b:e7:a4:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.6/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global enp5s0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::be30:5bff:fee7:a4f9/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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